Around the world, entrepreneurs and investors are creating new technologies and business models that have pushed the boundaries of what is, or is not, a financial service. Regulatory responses have been mixed, with some jurisdictions enthusiastically setting up ‘fintech sandboxes’ and others drawing a hard perimeter around the activities and institutions that fall within their purview. This session will consider the challenges facing financial regulators they grapple with the need to balance stability with allowing for innovation that can improve inclusion and well-being.